تقریبا دو سال از همه گیری بیماری کرونا گذشته است. آغاز بیماری همه گیر کووید ۱۹ به بدترین بحران بهداشت جهانی در قرن گذشته تبدیل شده است. در حال حاضر واکسن کرونا در جهان عرضه شده است اما کشف یک عامل ضد ویروسی جدید و خاص در برابر SARS-CoV-2، یک برنامه‌ی زمانی طولانی و دشوار است.
از این رو در این شرایط بهترین کار استفاده از داروهایی است که قبلاً در برابر سایر عفونت های ویروسی استفاده می‌شدند. یکی از این داروها، قرص فاویپیراویر است که در ابتدا به عنوان داروی ضد آنفولانزا در ژاپن به بازار عرضه شد.
فاویپیراویر برای اولین بار در مرکز بیماری همه گیر علیه SARS-CoV-2 در ووهان استفاده شد. با شیوع همه گیر در اروپا این دارو برای استفاده اضطراری در ایتالیا تأیید شد. و در حال حاضر در اکثر کشورهای درگیر با کووید-۱۹ مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. در ژوئن ۲۰۲۰، این دارو تاییدیه DCGI را در هند برای عفونت‌های خفیف تا متوسط کووید ۱۹ دریافت کرد.
قرص فاویپیراویر (Favipiravir) ۲۰۰ میلی گرم یا آویگان یا فاویلاویر در ایران برای درمان کرونا تجویز می‌شود؛ با اینکه گفته می‌شود این دارو تاثیری در بهبود کووید ۱۹ ندارد اما همزمان با اوج گیری کرونا نحوه مصرف، دوز، کمبود و عوارض آن مورد توجه برخی از مبتلایان است.
فاویپیراویر که با اسامی T-۷۰۵، آویگان، یا فاویلاویر نیز شناخته می‌شود یک داروی ضد ویروس است با فعالیت علیه بسیاری از ویروس‌های RNA تولید می‌شود.
این دارو در سال ۲۰۱۴ از سوی مقامات بهداشتی ژاپن، مجوز مصرف در بیماران مبتلا به آنفلوانزای شدید مقاوم به سایر داروهای ضدویروس را دریافت کرد و سپس برای سایر بیماری‌های ویروسی مانند ابولا مورد استفاده قرار گرفت، اما استفاده از آن برای درمان آنفلوانزا مورد تأیید سازمان غذا و داروی آمریکا قرار نگرفت.
در فوریه ۲۰۲۰، فاویپیراویر در کشور چین برای درمان بیماری کرونا ویروس ۲۰۱۹ مورد مطالعه واقع شد؛ در ۱۷ مارس ۲۰۲۰ مقامات چینی مدعی شدند که این دارو در درمان بیماری یادشده در ووهان و شنژن مؤثر بوده است اما تاکنون اثرگذاری و ایمنی این دارو برای کرونا تأیید نشده است.
مکانیسم اثرگذاری داروی فاویپیراویر:
در داخل بافت بدن، فاویپیراویر به فرم فعال دارو تبدیل می‌شود و اثر ضد ویروسی خود را از طریق مکانیسم‌های زیر اعمال می‌کند:
• منجر به خاتمه سنتز پروتئین در ویروس می‌شود.
• این دارو در رشته RNA ویروس قرار می‌گیرد و از گسترش بیشتر آن جلوگیری می‌کند.
• اخیراً ثابت شده است که فاویپیراویر در عفونت‌های آنفلوآنزا، می‌تواند باعث نوعی جهش‌زایی کشنده در ویروس شود و آن را به یک داروی کشنده ویروس تبدیل می‌کند.
اشکال دارویی فاویپیراویر:
• فاویپیراویر در ایران فقط در فرم خوراکی به صورت قرص‌های ۲۰۰ میلی‌گرمی موجود است.
عوارض فاویپیراویر:
• گوارشی: کاهش اشتها، اسهال، تهوع، استفراغ
• غدد درون ریز و متابولیسم: افزایش اوریک اسید خون
• هماتولوژی و آنکولوژی: کاهش نوتروفیل ها
• کبدی: آسیب کبدی، افزایش سطح سرمی ترانس آمینازها
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That’s a potential concern for those who care about road safety. Driving simulator tests have shown that drivers who are high on marijuana react more slowly, find it harder to pay attention, have more difficulty maintaining their car’s position in the lane and make more errors when something goes wrong than they do when they’re sober. But such tests have also shown marijuana-impaired drivers are likely to drive at slower speeds, make fewer attempts to overtake and keep more distance between their vehicle and the one ahead of them. The New York Times, Washington Post, and the conservative National Review all editorialized in favor of decriminalization. The film Reefer Madness—which had been made to scare the nation about the dangers of marijuana—was now being released by pro-marijuana campaigners as a comedy on the midnight movie circuit.
While the risks of smoking marijuana aren’t as well established as those of smoking tobacco, there are still undoubtedly risks. The best way to minimize these risks (including the risk of schizophrenia related to THC) is to stop consuming marijuana, but if you’re using it for medical purposes in particular, this may not be possible. Now that cannabis is becoming more common across the country — more than 20 cities or states have legalized it in some form — her organization is taking on the issue of secondhand marijuana smoke, too. How long a drug can be detected for depends on how much is taken and which testing kit is used. This is only a general guide. In the lab, Springer puts a cigarette or a joint in a plexiglass box, lights it and lets the chamber fill with smoke. Then he vents out most of the smoke to the point that it is hardly visible, to simulate being around a smoker. Then an anesthetized rat is exposed to the smoke for one minute.
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Currently, marijuana is legal for medicinal purposes with a prescription from a medical doctor. ‘Arresting people and giving them criminal records for possession of small quantities just doesn’t seem fair’ if the Liberals plan to legalize it, MP Murray Rankin said Last year, Prime Minister Trudeau argued that legalizing the substance and tightly controlling its access will prevent minors from using the drug and will limit the power of organized drug syndicates profiting off of the current system. He took the stance that while his government is working towards decriminalizing and eventually legalizing the drug, “people right now are breaking the law. We’re not legalizing marijuana to please recreational users.” BNN Bloomberg’s Tara Weber speaks to James Burns, chief executive of Alberta-based liquor retailer Alcanna, which is running several of the 17 brick-and-mortar stores opening in the province. “There was a lot of people who were really looking forward to this day and a lot of curiosity,” Burns said. He added the company had to transfer workers from Edmonton to its Calgary store to have enough staff for day one of legalization.
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