بیوتکنولوژیژنتیکفناوریویروس شناسی/ویروسویروس کرونا

دارو فاویپیراویر

Favipiravir

تقریبا دو سال از همه گیری بیماری کرونا گذشته است. آغاز بیماری همه گیر کووید ۱۹ به بدترین بحران بهداشت جهانی در قرن گذشته تبدیل شده است. در حال حاضر واکسن کرونا در جهان عرضه شده است اما کشف یک عامل ضد ویروسی جدید و خاص در برابر SARS-CoV-2، یک برنامه‌ی زمانی طولانی و دشوار است.

از این رو در این شرایط بهترین کار استفاده از داروهایی است که قبلاً در برابر سایر عفونت های ویروسی استفاده می‌شدند. یکی از این داروها، قرص فاویپیراویر است که در ابتدا به عنوان داروی ضد آنفولانزا در ژاپن به بازار عرضه شد.

فاویپیراویر برای اولین بار در مرکز بیماری همه گیر علیه SARS-CoV-2 در ووهان استفاده شد. با شیوع همه گیر در اروپا این دارو برای استفاده اضطراری در ایتالیا تأیید شد. و در حال حاضر در اکثر کشورهای درگیر با کووید-۱۹ مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. در ژوئن ۲۰۲۰، این دارو تاییدیه DCGI را در هند برای عفونت‌های خفیف تا متوسط کووید ۱۹ دریافت کرد.

قرص فاویپیراویر (Favipiravir) ۲۰۰ میلی گرم یا آویگان یا فاویلاویر در ایران برای درمان کرونا تجویز می‌شود؛ با اینکه گفته می‌شود این دارو تاثیری در بهبود کووید ۱۹ ندارد اما همزمان با اوج گیری کرونا نحوه مصرف، دوز، کمبود و عوارض آن مورد توجه برخی از مبتلایان است.

فاویپیراویر که با اسامی T-۷۰۵، آویگان، یا فاویلاویر نیز شناخته می‌شود یک داروی ضد ویروس است با فعالیت علیه بسیاری از ویروس‌های RNA تولید می‌شود.

این دارو در سال ۲۰۱۴ از سوی مقامات بهداشتی ژاپن، مجوز مصرف در بیماران مبتلا به آنفلوانزای شدید مقاوم به سایر داروهای ضدویروس را دریافت کرد و سپس برای سایر بیماری‌های ویروسی مانند ابولا مورد استفاده قرار گرفت، اما استفاده از آن برای درمان آنفلوانزا مورد تأیید سازمان غذا و داروی آمریکا قرار نگرفت.

در فوریه ۲۰۲۰، فاویپیراویر در کشور چین برای درمان بیماری کرونا ویروس ۲۰۱۹ مورد مطالعه واقع شد؛ در ۱۷ مارس ۲۰۲۰ مقامات چینی مدعی شدند که این دارو در درمان بیماری یادشده در ووهان و شنژن مؤثر بوده است اما تاکنون اثرگذاری و ایمنی این دارو برای کرونا تأیید نشده است.

مکانیسم اثرگذاری داروی فاویپیراویر:

در داخل بافت بدن، فاویپیراویر به فرم فعال دارو تبدیل می‌شود و اثر ضد ویروسی خود را از طریق مکانیسم‌های زیر اعمال می‌کند:

• منجر به خاتمه سنتز پروتئین در ویروس می‌شود.

• این دارو در رشته RNA ویروس قرار می‌گیرد و از گسترش بیشتر آن جلوگیری می‌کند.

• اخیراً ثابت شده است که فاویپیراویر در عفونت‌های آنفلوآنزا، می‌تواند باعث نوعی جهش‌زایی کشنده در ویروس شود و آن را به یک داروی کشنده ویروس تبدیل می‌کند.

اشکال دارویی فاویپیراویر:

• فاویپیراویر در ایران فقط در فرم خوراکی به صورت قرص‌های ۲۰۰ میلی‌گرمی موجود است.

عوارض فاویپیراویر:

• گوارشی: کاهش اشتها، اسهال، تهوع، استفراغ

• غدد درون ریز و متابولیسم: افزایش اوریک اسید خون

• هماتولوژی و آنکولوژی: کاهش نوتروفیل ها

• کبدی: آسیب کبدی، افزایش سطح سرمی ترانس آمینازها

مشاهده بیشتر

نوشته های مشابه

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  65. رشته روانشناسی در کانادا؛ تحصیل و بازار
    کار
    رشته روانشناسی در دانشگاه‌های معتبری همچون بریتیش کلمبیا، تورنتو، مک گیل، واترلو و وسترن
    تدریس می‌شود. روانشناسی طی قرن
    اخیر در دانشگاه‌های کانادا شهرت بسیاری پیدا کرده
    است. اولین مسیر در مهاجرت به کانادا، ارزیابی امتیاز در سیستم اکسپرس اینتری است.

    از الان چند سال آینده قابل پیش‌بینی نیست، هر سال قوانین و مقررات عوض می‌شود.

    یک قانون کلی را باید یاد بگیرید که داشتن نمره
    زبان و معدل خوب و البته مقاله می‌تونه کمک کند.
    روانشناسی شانس بیشتری دارد، البته این نکته
    را باید مد نظر داشته باشید که بستگی
    به رزومه شما دارد و هر چه رزومه شما بیشتر باشد، شانس شما بیشتر خواهد بود.
    در صورت داشتن مقاله و سابقه
    کاری تا حد زیادی می‌توانید گپ تحصیلی را توجیح کنید.
    در صورتی که تمایل داشته باشید تا
    همکاران ما شما را در این پروسه راهنمایی کنند، می‌توانید از طریق ایمیل با همکاران ما در ارتباط باشید یا در واتس‌آپ پیام دهید.
    در مورد نمره هم برای هر دانشگاه و مقطع
    و البته رشته متفاوت است ولی شما می‌توانید به
    سایت دانشگاه سر بزنید تا اطلاعات بیشتری کسب کنید ولی
    عموماً نمره‌های تقریباً ۱۰۰ می‌تونه به شما کمک کند.

    یک رشته کاربردی است که بر استفاده از تحقیقات روانشناختی و اصول در نظام عدالت
    کیفری تمرکز دارد. رشته‌ای است که رشد
    و تکامل انسان را در طول زندگی،
    از جمله توانایی‌های شناختی، اخلاقیات، عملکرد اجتماعی، هویت
    و سایر زمینه‌های زندگی بررسی می‌کند.
    شاخه‌ای از روانشناسی است که به مطالعه بر رفتار حیوانات می‌پردازد.
    اطلاعات خود را ثبت کنید تا مشاوران مهاجرتی ما سریعا برای مشاوره با شما تماس بگیرند.
    روان‌شناس مدرسه، روان‌شناس سازمانی، روان‌شناس بالینی، روان‌شناسی
    مهندسی، روان‌شناس خانواده، روان‌شناس رشد، روان‌شناس توان‌بخشی و روان‌شناسی جامعه جزو پرتقاضاترین مشاغل این حوزه شناخته می‌شوند.

    در این نوع از مهاجرت افراد
    در شب هنگام به محل زندگی اولیه خود
    برمی گردند. در مهاجرت ها معمولا کشورها مشکلات اقتصادی دارند
    و به همین دلیل افرادبه صورت اختیاری به مهاجرت
    می پردازند. در نهایت، شما تصمیم گیرنده
    هستید و نوجوان شما چاره ای جز این نخواهد داشت که با برنامه های شما
    همراه شود. پس فریاد زدن و دیکتاتوری،
    راه درستی برای ایجاد یک تغییر خوشحال‌کننده و یک مهاجرت خوشایند نیست.
    در عوض، به نوجوان خود این آزادی را بدهید که در برنامه ریزی‌ها شرکت کند، علناً درباره
    ترس‌های مهاجرت بحث کند و سؤالات دشوار را مطرح
    کند. متوسط حقوق دریافتی یک روانشناس در کانادا ۷۷.۳۴۷ دلار در سال است.

    مهاجرت به کانادا به‌عنوان یک روانشناس، پروسه‌ای دارد که باید طی شود.
    شاید دوست داشته باشید بدانید که کدام استان‌ها در کانادا برای کار در رشته روانشناسی مناسب‌تر هستند.
    فرصت اشتغال در این حرفه در برخی از استان‌ های کانادا بالاتر از استان‌های دیگر است.

    به‌عنوان‌ مثال، بهترین فرصت‌های شغلی در رشته روان شناسی در استان‌هایی مثل مانیتوبا، ساسکاچوان و آلبرتا است.

    «کفش هایت را بپوش»، «صبحانه ات را بخور»
    «اسباب بازی هایت را جمع کن». مشخصا این سبک حرف زدن
    ایرادی ندارد، زیرا جملات دستوری جایگاه خود را دارند که بدون آنها شاید هرگز کاری انجام نشود.
    با این حال، همیشه باید در طول روز جایی برای گوش کردن فعال به کودک و اختصاص زمانی به او
    برای بیان نظرات خود وجود داشته باشد.
    گوش کردن و بازگو کردن نکات مهم کلام آنها به
    فرزندتان نشان می دهد که شما به خوبی
    به او گوش مرده اید و درک کرده اید.
    ذهن کودکان کوچکتر از ۷ سال هنوز در مرحله رشد قرار دارد و می توانند تجارب جدید را با سهولت بیشتری بپذیرند.
    اما در عین حال، برای اعمال تغییر به همکاری و درک آنها
    نیاز است.
    اهمیت این شهر دسترسی به شهرهای مهم کانادا و آسان
    بودن تامین تجهیزات و امکانات است و
    در صورتی که در بهترین کشور برای مهاجرت رشته روانشناسی قصد تاسیس یک
    بیزینس را داشته باشید، مشکلی در این شهر مشاهده
    نخواهید کرد. مزیت مهم این کشور کیفیت بالای زندگی و دسترسی به
    امکانات نوین است و در صورتی
    که این کشور را به عنوان بهترین کشور برای
    مهاجرت رشته روانشناسی انتخاب کرده
    باشید، اتریش فرصت های خوبی را به شما پیشنهاد خواهد داد.
    به دلیل استانداردهای بالای زندگی، دانمارک در لیست
    بهترین کشور برای مهاجرت رشته روانشناسی قرار گرفته است و
    در دانمارک می توانید تا مقاطع بالاتر از
    فوق لیسانس نیز تحصیل کنید.
    البته، در صورتی که بتوانید به سطح خوبی از زبان
    این کشور دست پیدا کنید، مسیر شما برای موفقیت هموارتر خواهد شد و می توانید در شرایطی منحصر به فرد درآمد بالایی به دست آورید.
    در کشور آمریکا شما برای دسترسی به
    ویزا نیاز دارید تا پروسه دشواری را پشت سر
    بگذارید که در عمل بسیاری
    از افراد نمی توانند موفق به اخذ این
    ویزا شوند. کشور آمریکا در
    حال حاضر تقاضای بالایی برای استخدام متخصصان
    روانشناسی دارد و در این کشور رسیدن به درآمدهای بالاتر از ۸۰
    هزار دلار در سال امکان پذیر است. از نظر
    منطقه مهاجرت، کانادا محدودیتی را برای مهاجران قرار نداده است
    و افراد خارجی می توانند در بخش
    بهداشت و درمان این کشور وارد بازار کار شوند.
    در مورد زبان کشور مقصد، شما بهتر است کشوری انگلیسی زبان را انتخاب کنید
    و اهمیت این موضوع در مورد رشته
    روانشناسی بسیار بیشتر است. در صورتی که
    یک برنامه ریزی صحیح داشته باشید، در کمتر از دو سال خواهید توانست به اقامت دائم دست پیدا کنید که این کار از طریق روش تحصیلی،
    شغلی و سرمایه گذاری امکان پذیر است.

    درواقع، وضعیت سلامت مهاجر، مخصوصاً
    مهاجر تازه‌­وارد، نسبت به ساکنان آن کشور بهتر است.
    تحقیقات نشان می­‌دهد پارادوکس مهاجر از نظر پیامدهای جسمی، روانی، رفتاری و تحصیلی قابل توجیه است.
    تحقیقات متعدد حاکی از این است که اکثر گروه‌­های مهاجرتی نسبت به افراد زادگاه خود رضایت بیشتری از زندگی دارند و سطح رضایت آن‌­ها از زندگی مشابه با متولدین کشور میزبان است.
    اکثر افراد پس از مهاجرت انرژی خود را
    بر روی سازگار شدن با محیط جدید می‌گذارند
    و بیشتر توجه خود را معطوف شغل و درآمد می‌کنند.
    در این شرایط امکان دارد که از زندگی
    زناشویی خود غافل شده و به مرور زمان با مشکلاتی
    مواجه شوند. روانشناسی مهاجرت
    به زوجین کمک می‌کند که به حل اختلافات خود بپردازند و رابطه
    زناشویی خود را پرورش دهند.

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